Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs?
TOK Exhibition Prompt 11 — Object Examples & Rationale
A complete, examiner-written breakdown of IB TOK Exhibition IA Prompt 11 — five worked object examples, linked optional themes, knowledge questions and top-band commentary to help you nail the TOK exhibition for IB DP May 2026.
The Prompt
“Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs?” — Prompt 11 of the 35 prescribed IA prompts.
Assessment Weight
TOK exhibition = one-third of your final TOK grade.
Word Count
950 words max across all 3 objects combined (plus references).
Session
Updated & mapped for TOK assessment.
Decoding Prompt 11 – “Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs?”
IB TOK Exhibition Prompt 11 asks one of the most dynamic questions in the syllabus: can new knowledge actually change established values or beliefs? The prompt pushes students to examine how discoveries — scientific, cultural, technological, or ethical — disrupt, displace, or reshape convictions that societies once held as permanent. Your three objects must reveal different mechanisms through which new knowledge creates that change.
A top-band exhibition on Prompt 11 shows three things: a clear example of prior “established” knowledge or belief; the specific new knowledge that challenged it; and evidence of the actual shift in values that followed. Great objects for this prompt come from the natural sciences, history, and knowledge & technology — all areas where paradigm shifts are well documented.
TOK Exhibition Objects for Prompt 11
Each example below includes the object, linked optional theme, examiner-written rationale, and a knowledge question to extend your analysis.
Galileo’s Telescope (1609 Replica)
A replica of Galileo Galilei’s 1609 telescope stands as one of history’s most powerful symbols of how new knowledge dismantles established belief. Before Galileo turned his instrument toward Jupiter and saw four moons orbiting it, the geocentric model — endorsed by the Catholic Church and entrenched for over a millennium — was an unchallenged article of faith as much as of science. The telescope did not just add new data; it provided physical, observable evidence that shattered an ancient cosmology. What this object illustrates is the precise mechanism by which new knowledge reforms values: not through argument alone, but through instruments that extend human perception beyond previous limits. The telescope compelled intellectual institutions to reckon with evidence they could not refute, eventually catalysing the broader Copernican revolution and changing humanity’s conception of its own place in the universe.
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A Copy of Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species” (1859)
A first-edition copy of Charles Darwin’s 1859 publication represents new knowledge that directly confronted established religious and cultural values about human origin and identity. By proposing natural selection as the mechanism behind biological diversity, Darwin offered a mechanistic alternative to centuries of creationist doctrine that placed humanity at the centre of a divinely ordered world. This object invites reflection on how scientific knowledge does not simply accumulate alongside existing beliefs — it actively contests them, often producing cultural upheaval. The reception of Darwin’s ideas in Victorian society, and the debates that followed across education, theology and law, demonstrate that new knowledge of sufficient explanatory power forces societies to either accommodate, reject, or reframe their foundational values. Over a century later, the tension between evolutionary biology and creationist belief persists in classrooms worldwide, showing how change from new knowledge can be prolonged rather than instantaneous.
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Photograph of the First Gravitational Wave Detection (LIGO, 2015)
The LIGO detection graph from 14 September 2015 — a small waveform showing the merger of two black holes 1.3 billion light-years away — illustrates how new knowledge can both confirm a long-standing belief and transform what counts as valid evidence. Einstein had predicted gravitational waves in 1915, but for a century physicists held the belief, as an untested premise, that they existed. LIGO’s detection did not overturn this belief — it finally changed it from conjecture to established fact. In doing so, it opened “gravitational wave astronomy” as a new epistemic domain, reshaping what physicists now consider knowable about the universe. This object highlights that not all knowledge-driven change is destructive; sometimes new knowledge fulfils and extends existing frameworks, broadening rather than replacing belief.
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2 More Objects for Prompt 11
Two additional examiner-written object examples to help you finalise your TOK exhibition selection.
The World’s First Smartphone (IBM Simon, 1994)
An artefact from the dawn of mobile computing — the IBM Simon, released in 1994 — demonstrates how new technological knowledge quietly rewrites social values. Before pocket computers, privacy, attention, social interaction and the very texture of everyday life operated on frameworks unchanged for centuries. The knowledge embedded in this device — that a person could carry computing power, communication, and information in their pocket — triggered a cascade of value shifts: beliefs about work-life separation, expectations about response time, conceptions of solitude and friendship. This object exemplifies how new knowledge need not be revolutionary science; technological knowledge, by altering what is possible, alters what societies come to consider normal, desirable or obligatory. The smartphone’s trajectory from novelty to necessity within a single generation shows that values can shift not through conscious deliberation but through accumulated everyday practice.
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A Wall-Mounted Piece of the Berlin Wall (1989)
A fragment of the Berlin Wall captures how new historical knowledge — the lived, documented reality of what life inside a divided city had become by the late 1980s — fundamentally reshaped political values across Europe and beyond. The Wall stood for 28 years as the physical embodiment of Cold War ideology, defending an established belief that ideological division between East and West was permanent. Yet as new information flowed — through television, defectors’ accounts, economic data, and eventually mass protest — the established knowledge about the durability of that division began to dissolve. This object shows that new knowledge is not always generated in laboratories; it can emerge from the slow accumulation of testimony and observation, eventually reaching a tipping point at which values, policies and borders are rewritten in weeks. The fall of the Wall on 9 November 1989 reminds us that historical knowledge is a powerful force in the production and destruction of belief systems.
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Knowledge Questions for Prompt 11
Use these knowledge questions to strengthen the analytical depth of your exhibition commentary.
Does new knowledge typically shift values gradually through accumulation, or abruptly through decisive events?
Can a belief survive compelling counter-evidence if it serves an important social or emotional function?
Who decides when new knowledge is credible enough to override an established tradition of thought?
Do scientific, ethical and religious beliefs respond to new knowledge in comparable ways, or in fundamentally different ones?
When new knowledge challenges a value, is the outcome resolution, coexistence, or suppression?
Does the speed of modern information dissemination make belief change more or less durable than in the past?
How to Score High on Prompt 11
Three strategies our IB examiners use when coaching students through the TOK exhibition.
Show the “before” and “after” clearly
Prompt 11 rewards essays that explicitly name the established belief, the new knowledge, and the resulting shift. Without all three, the argument feels incomplete.
Mix scientific and cultural objects
Top-band exhibitions usually combine one scientific paradigm shift with one technological or cultural shift — diversity of mechanism shows sophistication.
Justify — don’t just describe
The top markband (9–10) is reached only when the commentary explains why the object illustrates the prompt, not just that it does.
TOK Exhibition Prompt 11 — FAQs
What is TOK Exhibition Prompt 11?
Which optional themes fit Prompt 11 best?
How many objects do I need for Prompt 11?
Does Prompt 11 require historical examples?
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