Justification is closely tied to the ways of knowing (e.g., reason, emotion, language, and sense perception) and the criteria we use to evaluate the strength of a knowledge claim. This process not only involves presenting evidence and logical arguments but also critically assessing the sources of information, the methods used to gather evidence, and the coherence of the arguments made in support of the claim.
In essence, justification is what bridges the gap between a claim and its acceptance as knowledge. It is through justification that we can critically examine the basis of our beliefs and assertions, scrutinize the methods by which knowledge is produced, and engage in the reasoned discourse that is central to the TOK framework.
This post has a comprehensive coverage of 6653 words content:
Table of contents
- The meaning and definition of Justification through specific theories
- Justification in different AOKs
- Relevant knowledge questions (KQs) on Justification
- Discussion of a KQ on Justification through the knowledge framework-scope, perspectives, methods and tools, ethics
- Classroom activities on the TOK concept Justification
- How Justification can be used in discussing AOKs in TOK essay
- How Justification can be used to justify the inclusion for an object in TOK exhibition
Meaning and definition of Justification through specific theories
Justification, a core concept across various disciplines, refers to the process or reasoning through which claims are validated or proven to be true. Different theories of justification offer distinct criteria and methods for assessing the truth or validity of knowledge claims. Here are a few prominent theories that explore the concept of justification:
1. Foundationalism:
Foundationalism posits that all knowledge or justified beliefs rest upon a foundation of non-inferentially justified beliefs. These foundational beliefs are self-evident, infallible, or evident to the senses and require no further justification. Other beliefs can be justified by being properly connected to these foundational beliefs through inferential chains.
2. Coherentism:
Coherentism argues against the idea of foundational beliefs. Instead, it suggests that beliefs are justified if they are part of a coherent system of beliefs, where each belief is supported by and supports other beliefs within that system. The justification of any single belief depends on its coherence with the overall network of beliefs.
3. Infinitism:
Infinitism contends that a belief is justified by an infinite chain of reasons. It challenges foundationalism’s premise of self-evident beliefs and coherentism’s reliance on a system of beliefs by suggesting that justification requires an endless, non-repeating series of supporting reasons.
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