The Human Sciences
The human sciences encompass disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, global politics, business management, environmental systems and societies all of which seek to understand human behavior, societies, and interactions. Unlike the natural sciences, which rely on direct observation and experimentation, the human sciences deal with complex, dynamic, and subjective human behaviors, making their methodologies and conclusions more debated.
This complexity raises fundamental TOK questions about the nature of knowledge, the reliability of research methods, and the influence of bias and ethics in studying humans. Through the Knowledge Framework—Scope, Perspectives, Methods and Tools, and Ethics—we can critically evaluate how knowledge is constructed in the human sciences. Additionally, by connecting human sciences to the core theme of “Knowledge and the Knower,” we can explore how personal experiences, cultural contexts, and values shape our understanding of human behavior.
Below is the table of contents, which would help you to dive into the deep layers of understanding the Human Sciences and its significance as an Area of Knowledge (AOK) in TOK. There are suggestions on engaging classroom activities-so unique that the students will argue the Real Life Situations as examples in Human Sciences, useful for their TOK essay.
Table of contents (approximately 10 teaching hours)
1. Analysing the Human Sciences within the Knowledge Framework
2. Connection of the Human Sciences with the Core Theme
3. The Human Puzzle: Understanding Ourselves Through Science – How do different disciplines within human sciences explain human behavior?